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Schizophrenia Explained (Includes DSM-5 Criteria & Delusion Examples)



Schizophrenia Explained (Includes DSM-5 Criteria & Delusion Examples)

[Music] schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by impairments in the way reality is perceived with associated changes in behavior schizo means split and phrenia means mind in greek but it’s important to remember it is not meant to mean split personality which is a separate condition schizophrenia affects how people think feel and behave and the symptoms are divided into three main types psychotic or positive symptoms negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms psychotic symptoms include hallucinations meaning sensing something that is not there and auditory hallucinations are particularly common thought to occur in 80 of patients at some point delusions are a fixed belief that something is true despite having evidence that it is not in schizophrenia paranoid delusions are common for example believing the fbi is following them or that they are being poisoned delusions of reference are also common in schizophrenia where a person believes messages are meant specifically for them for example believing a news reader on tv is talking directly to them there can be delusions of control where a person believes that someone else is controlling their thoughts such as the fbi placing thoughts in their minds there can be delusions of grandeur meaning being a figure of great importance and delusions of erotomania meaning believing a person typically of higher status is in love with them another positive symptom is disorganized speech or thinking which can manifest as jumping from topic to topic or speech that makes no sense termed word salad another example would be stopping in the middle of a sentence abnormal and often repetitive movements are also included here as is disorganized behavior a classic example is being dressed inappropriately for an event or for the climate negative symptoms are deficits in normal emotions or thoughts and are split into the five a’s blunted affect meaning showing little emotion or expression a lodger which is a lack of content in speech anedonia which is the inability to feel pleasure asociality which is a lack of desire to interact or form social relationships and avolition which is a lack of motivation the cognitive symptoms are a predictor of day-to-day functioning and are amongst the earliest symptoms to appear problems manifest as low attention levels poor decision making and problem-solving abilities the onset of these symptoms typically follow a prodromal phase where there is a gradual development of primarily cognitive and negative symptoms followed by the first episode of psychosis following this patients often return to baseline or a residual phase before beginning another gradual worsening the time between the onset of the first episode of psychosis and treatment is known as the duration of untreated psychosis and this is a factor in overall functional outcome according to the dsm 5 for a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be made at least two diagnostic symptoms must be present these are delusions hallucinations disorganized speech disorganized or catatonic behavior or negative symptoms for the diagnosis one of the two symptoms needs to be delusions hallucinations or disorganized speech which means you don’t have to have delusions or hallucinations to be diagnosed on top of this the two symptoms need to have been actively present for most of the time for one month with a significant impact on functioning for at least six months the symptoms should also not be the result of substance abuse or other medical conditions and schizoaffective bipolar or depressive disorder with psychotic features must have been ruled out some important changes to note from the dsm-4 is that the subtypes have been removed as they were not shown to improve the outcome for patients and less emphasis is placed on schneider’s first rank symptoms of schizophrenia the exact cause is not clear but it is thought to be multifactorial the main hypothesis is neurochemical abnormalities suggesting an imbalance of particularly dopamine and glutamate being responsible the four dopamine pathways are the nigrostriatal mesocortical mesolimbic and tubero infundibular pathways and it is thought that positive symptoms are the result of excess activation of d2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway motor symptoms due to the low levels of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathways and negative symptoms due to low levels in the mesocortical pathway genetics are thought to play a role with 46 concordance rates documented in monozygotic twins and a 40 chance of developing the condition if both parents are affected environmental factors include several points relating to birth such as low birth weight gestational diabetes preeclampsia emergency cesarean section delivery and even winter birthing associated with a 10 higher risk the risk is also higher in patients living in urban areas by around two to four percent and there is a suggestion of a 40 increase in risk in cannabis smokers the lifetime prevalence is around 1 and it seems to be more common in those of african american descent the typical age is around the mid-20s with the peak being slightly earlier in males than in females it is also slightly more common in males than it is in females early treatment following onset of psychosis is associated with better outcomes antipsychotic medications are a main feature as they are effective in the acute setting and they are useful in preventing relapses and it is estimated that 80 of untreated patients will relapse within one year maintenance can be through long-acting injections or through tablets examples include risperidone and olanzipine if the initial agent is not effective then another is used and the response assessed antipsychotics can have significant side effect profiles and some such as clozapine will require regular monitoring psychotherapies or talking therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy are used particularly against the negative symptoms and are used in combination with medication in order to try and improve the overall functioning of the person and maintain that status treatment resistant schizophrenia is defined as no response to at least two antipsychotics over at least 12 weeks and in these cases clozapine is an option you

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterised by impairments in the way reality is perceived with associated changes in behaviour. We cover the symptoms of Schizophrenia (with delusion types), including the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis, as well as Schizophrenia treatment.

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Video Timestamps:
0:00 What is Schizophrenia?
0:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Positive Symptoms
2:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Negative Symptoms
2:58 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Cognitive Symptoms
3:49 Schizophrenia Diagnosis / Diagnostic DSM 5 Criteria
5:08 Schizophrenia Causes / Pathophysiology
5:53 Schizophrenia Risk Factors & Epidemiology
7:00 Schizophrenia Treatment

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Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

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46 Comments

  1. @RhesusMedicine on

    For more medicine videos consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!):

    https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine

    Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine

    Video Timestamps:

    0:00 What is Schizophrenia?

    0:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Positive Symptoms

    2:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Negative Symptoms

    2:58 Schizophrenia Symptoms – Cognitive Symptoms

    3:49 Schizophrenia Diagnosis / Diagnostic DSM 5 Criteria

    5:08 Schizophrenia Causes / Pathophysiology

    5:53 Schizophrenia Risk Factors & Epidemiology

    7:00 Schizophrenia Treatment

  4. @carmiiioi57 on

    I feel that someone is spying on me because of hatred or secretly hate me but still following me just to get some information. (Technologically or Physically)

  5. @christinakiser1164 on

    While I whole heartedly believe postpone that suffer with this should get proper treatment, the first few minutes of this was parallel with someone that is spiritually sensitive or "gifted" which ironically can feel like a curse till you learn how to operate and govern your gifts. I'm not saying every diagnosis is wrong but they're definitely not right.

  7. @grobo503 on

    Phrenios means skull, not mind. It comes from doctors who are afraid of their patients and couldn't judge their facial expression, due to anxiety. It's a racist theory. This is indoctrination. It has no basis in causal reality. Repent and accept Jesus Christ as your Lord and Savior.

  8. @RoadHustle on

    It's not alright to sick schizophrenia, when you don't know it.

    Everything goes straight with no misunderstanding, passionately watching some information about schizophrenia and then to this screen, written already by me. Everything is understandable like I mentioned before. So, all of this not because I think I am really doing some good and valuable writing, perhaps don't have other activities or my current spiritual growth requires to help others. I am here not to talk about schizophrenia like others only telling how you not going to recover from this disease.I am write because I want, not because of some shit company notice me, I just want to open people eyes about schizophrenia in total, because I know that by doing by it, their life will become much easier. So have you ever counted how many times you have been asked, are you ok?

    Most of us don't know know how to explain and to describe this really terrible disease. While there are approximately 24 million people worldwide who sick schizophrenia, Whis is called split personality disorder, which causes to have lack of motivation, feeling tired all the time and have lack of focus with forgetfulness.
    It's really difficult conditions to cope with and to understand how you feel is difficult to guess, not mentioning to many of other conditions felt.

    It's difficult to take care of yourself in schizophrenia, doing tasks like showering, keeping up with your hair or maybe let's say even brushing your teeth. Talking about going outside is difficult to them, what to talk about walking outside of the house, being in a market, while you shopping can't make any connection with people, because you ar scared all the time, not knowing what to buy.

    Lonileness is also a serious problem, it is because have lots of happening in their head, what about to keep an eye sight, is it difficult, so you basically feel lost, by that you must be around someone who is supporting in every case of their life, because you struggle a lot. Flashing eyes, everything looks shocking to you as you see everything differently than others sees with their eyes, one of the case too. Feeling bad, like your body being pulled by rubber bands is familiar to you. You want to to escape from this situation but sometimes you get paralyzed.

    So basicallly, schizophrenia is worse than described in most of internet searches, by finding out more about it, you will be able to cope with it much easier.

  16. @BestieWesty-m1k on

    Hold on a moment so it's ok for ghost hunters to see ghosts and talk to them but anyone that isn't a ghost hunter gets labelled as mental? 😂 how do they work that one out 😂

  18. @LightanddarkPendulum on

    Yeah it's a fine line especially when someone goes through a spiritual awakening, then the paranoia phase. It can be mistaken for schizophrenia. But it's short lived Eastern vs Western outlook are different

  19. @DaviddrcMurillo on

    Those symptoms are quite similar to hallucinogenic drug effects.

    And can result from exposures to such substances.

    There have been instances where people in legal situations have had that claim of schizophrenia used against them when there were no prior claims or medical conditions of such.

    The thing is, it is something that is rarely noticeable or even checked upon as it is hard to determine when or where the person may have been exposed to such substances.

    As well as, in those instances, there are usually other collusive activities that are geared towards the same dis-credation, often blaming an alternative substance, or other propagated mental health claims.

    And in the history of that type of legal paradigm, the person is an inventor or someone with an asset that is worth a high value that through such legal issues results in either a forfeiture or loss of such properties or any other type of legal issues, as it is not limited to intellectual or property theft itself, as it is in regards to credibility of the individual.

  20. @davidbaker418 on

    Anyone here for their family member or own experience needs to know it's not always a life sentence and medication "can" work depending on the cause. Also emotional root cause understanding and self insight can help the patient be robust against relapse. At 25 I had a sudden psychotic onset and developed schizophrenia which I endured for 6 horrible years before being forced on an injection that fixed me in 24 hours. Previous to 25 I had already had teen anxiety and emotional problems from childhood and social trauma and I self medicated with cannabis heavily. I believe the cannabis didn't cause it but made me more susceptible to irrational beliefs. I know for a fact that my onset was caused by severe emotional disruption and trauma where I had after 4 years of traumatic coercive abuse left my first ever love partner and only 2 weeks later ended up sort of guilt bound to form a relationship with a sexual rebound partner after she told me she was r*ped. This intensity and loss of autonomy or control coupled with the fact that my mother suddenly decided to put my younger brother who has down syndrome and autism and forms the whole basis of our family unit was to be put into care, completely out of the blue. This resulted in outbursts from me and I was made homeless. All this triggered a complete loss of control and severe delusions. (Believing I was, for my whole life, on a Darren Brown game show and the director was telling or insulting my family members what to say or later believing the CIA was after me or TV and billboard were talking to me). I struggled to accept reality or accept that I was ill believing myself and own internal feelings over observable or external facts. The feelings are bodily sensations that feel like revelations rather than just base less thoughts. I also later found out that I must have genetic predisposition for the disorder since my Nana's brother had schizophrenia and used to talk to the devil then there's the fact my father committed suicide at 27 for unknown reasons. All this meant I was probably bound to develop it but I am no longer suffering. My only remaining mental health symptoms is lack of personal hygiene and home hygiene and social apathy. The injection I am on is a first generation dopamine blocker and while it fixed all additive symptoms after one nights sleep it has worsened my functioning symptoms but I am forever grateful for the relief it has brought. While I have a home that looks like a channel 4 documentary I am successfully employed (WFH) as a software developer and am attending uni 1 day a week and I no longer have anxiety or scared to sleep due to fear of dreams. I have repaired most family relationships and I feel somewhat content whereas during the illness every day was a struggle and I often contemplated suicide (never following through despite massive motivation since I had the blocker that my family members would have to endure a second suicide). There is hope and some medication can work. Stay strong and if you receive any abuse from a schizo family member know it is not their true feelings.

  21. @lilithsmith1290 on

    It was all Greek to me!I knew a person Schizophrenic! He always thought somebody trying to poison him he use to write letter to official and complain. He was a very well educated man , he accused his wife an tow brother In law ,they wanted to kill him! When police. Went after brother in law they find out one is in Saint Antonio with Air Force and the other one Chicago University student !the wife could not take it ,and divorce. He lived to be eighty five ,never remarried,

  22. @AutumnPrushinski on

    They do do that shit they enter your mind in Massachusetts against the constitution maybe there is such thing as schizophrenia but I believe someone is really hurting them

  32. @followme1022 on

    The symptoms of Schizophrenia are officially categorized into Positive, Negative, and Cognitive groups.
    Mnemonic for Positive Symptoms (Psychotic Features)
    Positive symptoms are things that are added to normal behavior (e.g., psychosis). These are the most recognizable features of the disorder.
    A simple way to remember the main positive and disorganized symptoms is: The 3 D's and 2 H's.
    * One D stands for Delusions: Fixed, false beliefs that aren't culturally accepted (e.g., paranoia).
    * Another D stands for Disorganized Speech: Incoherent or illogical communication (e.g., word salad, loose associations).
    * The third D stands for Disorganized/Catatonic Behavior: Unusual or inappropriate actions or movements (e.g., childlike silliness, unresponsiveness).
    * The H stands for Hallucinations: Sensory experiences without an external stimulus (e.g., hearing voices).
    Mnemonic for Cognitive Symptoms
    Cognitive symptoms are difficulties with mental processes that cluster around executive function and processing speed. A helpful phrase to remember the main cognitive deficits is: A MIST.
    * A stands for Attention deficits, which means trouble filtering out irrelevant information or focusing.
    * M stands for Memory (Working), referring to difficulty holding and manipulating information for a short time.
    * I stands for Information Processing Speed, which is slowness in completing tasks that require quick thinking.
    * S stands for Sequential Thinking/Planning, which represents impairments in Executive Function (e.g., setting goals, planning, problem-solving).
    * T stands for Trouble making Decisions, indicating impaired judgment or indecisiveness.

  33. @followme1022 on

    The symptoms of Schizophrenia are categorized into Positive Symptoms (abnormal additions to behavior) and Negative Symptoms (abnormal absences or deficits in behavior).
    Mnemonic for the 5 Core Active-Phase Symptoms
    The five core active-phase symptoms (of which a diagnosis requires at least two, with at least one from the first three) can be remembered with the mnemonic phrase: HalDol Disorganizes Negative People.
    * Hal stands for Hallucinations (Positive Symptom).
    * Dol stands for Delusions (Positive Symptom).
    * Disorganizes stands for Disorganized Speech (Disorganized Symptom).
    * Negative stands for Negative Symptoms (Negative Symptom).
    * People stands for Disorganized/Catatonic Behavior (Disorganized Symptom).
    Mnemonic for Negative Symptoms
    The negative symptoms are often summarized using the 5 A's:
    * Affective Flattening (or Diminished Emotional Expression): Reduced display of emotions.
    * Alogia: Poverty of Speech or thought.
    * Avolition: Lack of Motivation or goal-directed activity.
    * Asociality: Lack of desire for Social interaction.
    * Anhedonia: Inability to experience Pleasure.

  34. @user-qg8ob6fh9v on

    at this point I have no idea why im getting so many videos about schizophrenia. I already know how it feels… I was diagnosed with it when I took way too many drugs and had done no healing.

  35. @DBW4798 on

    As a weed enjoyer I gotta say I never felt any of that while high not even when I was doing (other things) all tho then again I did get so high I thought I saw a blanket flying in the wind 😂 but that’s just once it happened 😅 but anyway everyone is different. One of my friends told me when he tried it he was freaking out thought his heart was gonna give out of course it didn’t because he was having a bad a trip.

  40. @angrypidgeon1714 on

    fake. psychiatry is a global forceful drugging atrocity today, Crimes against humanity by Rome Statute, Oviedo Conventions and Nuremberg Code. Drapetomania level fake diagnosis are perpetrated today everywhere. See Duplessis Orphans, only it's happening everywhere, now, and worse, psychiatrist charlatans are drug dealers procuring forceful drug and human trafficking victims using the fake judiciary, incarcerating legal innocents under "penal security measures" while never convicting them, and worse, it's used as deadly political repression against dissidents and human rights defenders. EU, CoE, ICC, UN etc. are all fake, and in cahoots to this international drug and human trafficking racket. Look up Vladimir Bukovsky, Sigmund Freud's trafficking of heroin and opium, Mihai Eminescu and psychiatric political repression in general (it's an obscure subject, largely covered up, while the victims are scores and make every government in the world totalitarian for accrediting this atrocity)

  42. @JakeGaines-z7k on

    I wonder how munchausen syndrome is a part of this video because I have seen a lot of strange behavior from my mom and grandmother with munchausen syndrome makes me wonder how bad they really are!!!